Python Packages

Python Packages 

• It is an encapsulation mechanism to group related modules into a single unit. package is nothing but folder or directory which represents collection of Python modules.
• Any folder or directory contains __init__.py file,is considered as a Python package.This file can be empty.
• A package can contains sub packages also. 
• A collection of various module with one special file that is __init__.py.

The main advantages of package statement are:

• We can resolve naming conflicts
• We can identify our components uniquely 
• It improves modularity of the application 

Eg 1:

D:\Python_classes> 

           |-test.py        

           |-pack1               

                |-module1.py               

                |-__init__.py

__init__.py: 

empty file  

module1.py: 

def f1():  

         print("Hello this is from module1 present in pack1")

test.py (version-1): 

import pack1.module1 

pack1.module1.f1() 

test.py (version-2):

from pack1.module1 import f1 

f1() 

Eg 2:

D:\Python_classes>        

        |-test.py        

        |-com               

             |-module1.py               

             |-__init__.py        

                   |-programmerfect                       

                           |-module2.py                        

                           |-__init__.py

__init__.py:
 empty file

module1.py:

def f1():  print("Hello this is from module1 present in com")

module2.py:

def f2():  print("Hello this is from module2 present in com.durgasoft")  

Note: Summary diagram of library,packages,modules which contains functions,classes and variables.